Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a form of artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences that would not normally occur together through the gene splicing. It is created through the introduction of relevant DNA into an existing organism DNA, such as the plasmids of bacteria, to code for or alter different traits for a specific purpose, such as antibiotic. Recombinant DNA technology was made possible by the discovery, isolation and application of restriction endonucleases by Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, and Hamilton Smith, for which they received the 1978 Nobel Prize in Medicine.